Arthritis

D E F I N I T I O N

Arthritis is a degenerative inflammatory condition that derives from the Greek words for joint (arthro) and inflammation (itis). A non-curable condition requiring lifelong management and treatment, the exact cause is often unknown, and there are several grades depending on type, severity and age.

Two leading factors are developmental, such as genetic predisposition and acquired, triggered by an injury or infection.

Arthritis can affect as many as one in five dogs and is now considered to be the leading cause of chronic pain seen in veterinary practices.

C A U S E S

Arthritis is not a single disease and can be difficult to manage as it affects not only the joint but also the muscles, tendons, cartilage, bones and ligaments that aid support.

There are several types of Arthritis in dogs. Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) or Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form, affecting 1 in 5 cases diagnosed. Gradual changes over time affect a joint’s structure, and the loss of joint cartilage results in inflammation, stiffness and pain.

Osteoarthritis can occur secondary to Hip or Elbow Dysplasia, or result from vigorous exercise, injury, excessive jumping, or a ruptured Cruciate Ligament.

Similar to Rheumatoid Arthritis, Immune Mediated Arthritis is where the dog’s immune system attacks its own cells affecting all the major joints. (Canine Massage Therapy Centre, 2016).

S Y M P T O M S

Some dogs can be very good at hiding signs of pain and discomfort, but generally the emotional and physical symptoms of Arthritis in dogs can include (Carrick, 2013):

• Stiffness especially when first getting up
• Difficulty settling
• Limping or lameness
• Sore or swollen joints often accompanied with excessive licking over the area
• Reluctance to walk or slowing down on walks
• Reluctance to climb stairs
• Reduced play and less interaction with family members and other pets at home
• Changes in behaviour for example becoming withdrawn or not wanting to be handled
• Decreased appetite